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水利部：强化人为水土流失监管严格查处和打击违法行为******

　　光明网讯（记者袁晴）国务院新闻办公室1月12日举行新闻发布会，邀请水利部、国家发展改革委有关负责人介绍加强新时代水土保持工作有关情况。

水利部：强化人为水土流失监管严格查处和打击违法行为

水利部水土保持司司长蒲朝勇（徐想摄）

　　党的二十大报告指出，要加快发展方式绿色转型，《关于加强新时代水土保持工作的意见》提出要坚持生态优先、保护为要，依法严格人为水土流失监管。水土流失与人的行为之间是怎样的关系？如何强化人为水土流失监管？

　　对此，水利部水土保持司司长蒲朝勇介绍，水土保持状况是反映生态环境质量的一个重要综合性指标。水土保持工作的主要任务，归根到底是防止水土流失，而水土流失的形成和加剧与人的行为与活动密切相关，人类不合理的生产和生活方式，会造成或者加剧水土流失。所以，不解决人为水土流失“增”的问题，就没法实现“减”的目标，也就没法实现水土保持率提高的目标，良好的生态环境就成为一句空话。

　　蒲朝勇指出，人为水土流失监管是水土保持法赋予水行政主管部门的一项重要法定职责，更是贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想的重要政治任务。他介绍，党的十八大以来，水利部把人为水土流失监管作为工作的重中之重，依法督促指导50万个生产建设项目落实水土保持措施。持续实施水土保持遥感监管，通过“天上看、地面查、全覆盖”，及时发现并依法查处违法违规行为，人为水土流失应该说得到了有效遏制。

　　《关于加强新时代水土保持工作的意见》对依法严格人为水土流失监管提出了新的更高要求。蒲朝勇说：“下一步，我们将进一步健全监管制度，创新监管方式，落实监管责任，以高水平高效能的监管，为推动形成绿色生产生活方式和经济社会发展全面绿色转型提供支撑。”

　　一是构建水土保持全链条全过程监管体系。依法落实生产建设项目水土保持方案制度，强化事前事中事后全过程监管。完善生产建设活动水土流失防治标准，针对不同区域、不同行业特点，明确差异化、针对性要求，实施分类精准监管。

　　二是建立精准高效的监管机制。以遥感监管为基本手段、重点监管为补充、信用监管为基础的新型监管机制。全覆盖、常态化开展水土保持遥感监管，依法严格查处违法违规行为。全面实施水土保持信用评价，对守信企业少打扰、不打扰，对失信企业及高风险项目重点监管。加强人为水土流失风险的跟踪预警，提高监管精准化、智能化水平。

　　三是强化部门间协同监管和执法联动。建立水土保持行政执法和刑事司法衔接、与检查公益诉讼协作的机制，充分发挥司法保障监督作用。通过加强协同监管，压实企业水土保持责任。

　　四是深化“放管服”改革。持续推进水土保持审批服务标准化、规范化、便利化，提供优质高效便捷的便民利企服务，进一步优化营商环境。

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.